Thermodynamic Insights in the Separation of Cellulose/Hemicellulose Components from Lignocellulosic Biomass Using Ionic Liquids

Abstract

This work reports on the ionic liquid (IL) based separation of cellulose/hemicellulose from lignocellulosic biomass, by means of macroscale predictions using the COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents (COSMO-RS) model that is based on a statistical mechanical framework. For the benchmarking studies the experimental infinite dilution activity coefficient values for 13 components were predicted in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl)sulphonyl}imide with an average absolute deviation (%AAD) of 15 %. Further, the solid–liquid equilibria of glucose, fructose, galactose, and xylose in [EMIM][EtSO4] and Aliquat®336 were predicted successfully with 15 % root-mean-square deviation. Afterwards, the selectivities were predicted at infinite dilution for cellulose/hemicellulose in 1,156 ILs with a combination of 34 cations and 34 anions. Based on these values, the ammonium-based ILs 1-methyl-4-aminotriazolium hexafluorophosphate [14MATAZ][PF6] and 4-aminotriazolium bis(oxalato(2)borate) [4ATAZ][BOB] were found to be good candidates for cellulose and hemicellulose extraction, respectively. The ILs selected using the COSMO-RS methodology were then studied qualitatively in terms of interaction energies and HOMO–LUMO energy gap. The binding energy for [1-methyl-4-aminotriazolium][PF6] + cellulose and [4-aminotriazolium][BOB] + cellulose systems are higher as compared with IL + cellulose + hemicellulose, indicating greater stability.