Thermodynamic Equilibrium Model Applied To Predict the Fouling Tendency in a Commercial Fluidized-Bed Boiler, Combusting Solid Waste

Abstract

A thermodynamic equilibrium model, combined with an advanced fuel analysis, was applied to predict the fouling tendency in a commercial bubbling fluidized-bed (BFB) boiler, combusting a mixture of solid waste. In order to enhance the performance of the model, further modifications were made, considering the combustion pattern in the fluidized-bed system and also the temperature profile in the combustion zone. The modeling was performed using Factsage, and experimental data obtained during the full-scale measurements were used as input for the model, simulating the deposit formation in the real boiler. The simulation results were then compared with the results obtained during the full-scale combustion tests to estimate the accuracy and validity of the applied model. The thermodynamic equilibrium modeling proved to be a reliable tool for predicting the fouling in the BFB boiler, thus determining the fraction of the melt in the deposited salts formed on the heat transfer surfaces during the flue gas condensation. The calculations showed that the ratio of the SO2 to alkali chloride concentration in the flue gas was the decisive factor that affected the rate of the deposit formation in the boiler. Both the simulation and the experimental results indicated that lower bed temperatures and cocombustion of P-rich fuels decrease the deposition buildup in the boiler.