Thermodynamic data for cement clinkering

Abstract

The proportions of cement clinker phases produced by the pyro-processing of a raw-material mix are often predicted through the Bogue equations, established in the 1930s; however, the Bogue approach is limited in its applicability. This presents a challenge as the cement industry is seeking innovative and more environmentally friendly cement clinker formulations and production processes. These often go beyond the limitations of the Bogue equations and more flexible approaches are required. Modern thermodynamic calculations allow this flexibility but rely on databases not freely available and often specialised for other applications. The title paper reviews the thermodynamic data for stoichiometric clinker phases and presents a new dataset. The dataset is validated and its application demonstrated by case studies. Electronic CSV files containing the data which can be parsed for use with existing Gibbs energy minimisation solvers/software is distributed with this article as supplementary material.