Abstract
For sufficiently low frequencies so that the adiabatic assumption holds, the sound velocity in a bubbly medium consisting of an air—water froth has been described by Wood's equation [A. L. Anderson and L. D. Hampton, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 67, 1865–1889 (1980)] where the adiabatic compressibilities and densities of the bubble (heretofore air) and water are weighted by their respective fractional volumes. For adiabatic volume changes, bubble compressibility is inversely proportional to the ratio of specific heats. Heretofore, the specific heats considered were those for air. But bubbles innately have two additional degrees of freedom due to the energies partitioned into surface tension and buoyancy. These two additional degrees of freedom are investigated and a corrected ratio of specific heats is developed for incorporation into Wood's equation. In all cases, this correction lowers the sound velocity in a bubbly medium. [Work supported by the Independent Research Program of the Naval Ocean Systems Center.]
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