Thermodynamic characteristics and surface free energy analysis of bifonazole and lecithin with sodium dodecyl sulfate in hydroethanolic solvent systems

Abstract

The thermodynamic investigations of the well-recognised antifungal drug bifonazole and lecithin with anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate have been established. The experiments were conducted using five distinct hydro-ethanolic concentrations, namely 0% v/v, 10% v/v, 30% v/v, 70% v/v, and 90% v/v ethanol, throughout a range of five temperatures (ranging 20 ℃, 25 ℃, 30 ℃, 35 ℃ and 40 ℃) with an increment of drug concentration. The study involved the determination of several parameters, including surface tension (σ), density (ρ), conductivity (κ), contact angle (θ) and surface free energy. Conductivity and surface tension data was used for calculating critical micelle concentration (CMC). CMC was utilised to calculate various thermodynamic properties, such as the standard entropy change (ΔS°m), standard Gibbs energy change (ΔG°m) and standard enthalpy change (ΔH°m) of micellization. This study represents a comparative analysis of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) by utilising surface tension and conductivity measurements. Contact angle is used to determine the hydrophobicity and hydrophilicity of the system. These investigations are valuable for examining the magnitude of hydrophobic interactions within the system, which might be used to ascertain an optimal concentration of bifonazole, lecithin and surfactant to prepare ethosomal formulations.