Abstract
During high speed tool steel production up to 0.2 wt % silicon is added, primarily to react with oxygen e.g. silicon acts as a de-oxidizer. If more than 0.2 wt % silicon is added, it serves to improve the deep hardening properties. An addition up to ~1 wt % silicon provides hardness and improves temper-stability but reduces the ductility. At high concentration, silicon causes embrittlement. Alloying with silicon raises the solubility of carbon in the matrix and hence the as-quenched hardness. It has virtually no influence on the carbide distribution, but it promotes the formation of M6C type carbides. The many essential alloy additions to iron (C, W, Mo, V, Cr, Si) make the high speed tool steel, HSS a complex multi-component system. Its complete experimental investigation would require enormous time and effort. Instead, the CALPHAD method has been successfully used for computation of phase equilibrium the multi-component HSS system. In the present work, the Thermo-Calc program has been applied to the system Fe-C-Cr-W-Mo-V-Si with the thermodynamic information contained in the solid-solution-database of the TCFE. In the present work, some temperature-concentration diagrams for silicon modified AISI M2 steel are presented by calculated quantities (melting and transformation temperatures, amount and compositions of phases). Calculated data are compared with standard AISI M2 high speed tool steel.
Highlights
High-speed steels are used for applications requiring long life at relatively high operating temperatures such as for heavy cuts or high-speed machining
The Thermo-Calc program has been applied to the system Fe-C-Cr-W-Mo-V-Si with the thermodynamic information contained in the solid-solution-database of the TCFE
Some temperature-concentration diagrams for silicon modified AISI M2 steel are presented by calculated quantities
Summary
High-speed steels are used for applications requiring long life at relatively high operating temperatures such as for heavy cuts or high-speed machining. High-speed steels are the most important alloy tool steels because of their very high hardness and good wear a resistance in the heat-reacted condition and their ability to retain high hardness and the elevated temperatures often encountered during the operation of the tool at high cutting speeds [1,2,3]. During steel production up to 0.2 wt % silicon is added, primarily to react with oxygen e.g. silicon acts as a deoxidizer. Alloying with silicon raises the solubility of carbon in the matrix and the as-quenched hardness. It has virtually no influence on the carbide distribution [6], but it promotes the formation of M6C type carbides [7,8]. Calculated data are compared with standard AISI M2 high speed tool steel
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