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Abstract
Thermodynamic calculation has been applied to predict the inclusion formation in molten SS400 steel. When the Cerium addition in liquid iron is 70 ppm and the initial Oxygen and Sulphur are both 110 ppm, the formation of oxides containing Cerium would experience the transformation from Ce2O3 to CeO2 and also the formation of sulfides containing Cerium would experience the transformation from CeS to Ce2S3 and then to Ce3S4. Below 2000 K the most thermodynamic stable matter is CeO2 and the less thermodynamic stable inclusion is CeS. Only when the amount of [O] is extremely low and the amount of [S] and [Ce] is relatively high, Ce2S3 has the possibility to form.
Highlights
Rare earth (RE) metals have many applications[1,2,3,4,5] and their addition to molten iron has attracted increasing research attention[6]
The segregation of Ce2O3 in molten SS400 steel, whose chemical composition is shown in Table 1, was calculated in Matlab 2015a
The Ce-O-S system is the thermodynamic relation between the dissolved Oxygen, Sulphur and Cerium in liquid iron to explore the formations of inclusions containing Cerium
Summary
Oxygen, and Sulfur in Liquid Iron received: 25 May 2016 accepted: 06 October 2016 Published: 21 October 2016. Rare earth (RE) metals have many applications[1,2,3,4,5] and their addition to molten iron has attracted increasing research attention[6] Such addition affects inclusion structures[7] and can be used to purify steel[8]. This paper focuses on the thermodynamic calculations of the cerium-oxygen-sulfur system in molten SS400 steel. The Ce-O-S system is the thermodynamic relation between the dissolved Oxygen, Sulphur and Cerium in liquid iron to explore the formations of inclusions containing Cerium. The first stage for thermodynamic calculation is to derive the thermodynamic equations for the inclusion formations by Wagner’s relation[19] and Lupis’ relation[20]. The second stage is to use C++programming software to derive the unknown chemical composition values for every equation
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