Abstract
During mechanical activation, the energy of treated material is raised to a higher level that can lead to the chemical transformation of the activated material. This is the point that should be considered as a phenomenon of the mechanochemical transformations appearing as a result of mechanical activation. Sodium carbonate as a substance that is often subjected to mechanochemical synthesis was mechanically activated in this study. The subject was the monitoring of changes in the physico-chemical characteristics of sodium carbonate after exposure to different degrees of activation time within the range of 1-28 minutes. After activation, the samples were deposited in three environments, CO2, air, and vacuum, at room temperature, in a period of 64 days. The mass changes occurring during the treatment were measured depending on the processing environment. Increasing the mass was evident and was attributed to the chemisorption of moisture and carbon dioxide present in the air as a consequence of the sodium carbonate activation. The methods also used were calcimetric chemical analysis and X-ray structural analysis. According to obtained results, it was found that activated sodium carbonate is mass-transformed into sodium bicarbonate, whereby these changes are functionally dependent on activation time and the processing environment.
Highlights
Mechanical activation (MA) of materials achieved by using high-energy milling is widely used for common to increase the reactivity of material and to begin a controlled reaction
It was noted that the activated and non-activated samples of sodium carbonate deposited in vacuum had no mass changes for 64 days
Samples that were stored in carbon dioxide at room temperature as a function of relaxation time, changed as follows: the non-activated sample of sodium carbonate increased by 2.039 % over a 64-day period
Summary
Mechanical activation (MA) of materials achieved by using high-energy milling is widely used for common to increase the reactivity of material and to begin a controlled reaction. The change of reactivity during milling originate from the combined effect of an increase of the specific surface area together with a structural disorder, enhanced strain, amorphization of the crystals, microtopography, phase transformations, and thermal reduction. These changes contribute to faster, simpler, and qualitatively better development of certain processes usually performed by conventional chemical methods.
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