Thermodynamic and Vibrational Aspects of Peptide Bond Hydrolysis and Their Potential Relationship to the Harmfulness of Infrared Radiation

Abstract

The primary physicochemical effect upon exposure to infrared radiation (IR) is the temperature increase of cells. The degradation of proteins via the hydrolysis of peptide bonds is related to cell malfunction. In this work, the degradation of proteins/peptides under the influence of IR radiation is theoretically studied. It is shown that the low value of enthalpy of peptide bond hydrolysis has two consequences: (a) the enthalpy of hydrolysis is sensitive to small variations in the bond strength, and the hydrolysis of weak peptide bonds is exothermic, while the hydrolysis of stronger bonds is endothermic; (b) the increase in temperature (e.g., due to IR exposure) changes the enthalpy of the reaction of some weak peptide bonds from exothermic to endothermic (that is, their hydrolysis will be favored upon further increase in temperature). Simple calculations reveal that the amount of absorbed energy during the overtone and hot band transitions of the H–O–H and C–N stretching vibrations is comparable to the activation energy of the (uncatalyzed) hydrolysis. A critical discussion is provided regarding the influence of different IR wavelengths on peptide bond hydrolysis.