Abstract
In this paper, energy, exergy, suitability and economic evaluation of a diesel engine running with diesel fuel and five different types of preheated biodiesel blends were evaluated experimentally. The experiments were carried out at varying engine brake mean effective pressures (bmeps). The energy and exergy rate components of the engine were callcualted and compared for each operating conditions and blends of fuel. The fuel properties of the castor oil methyl ester (COME) at different preheating temeperatures have been tested with a consideration of different biodiesel international standards. The test results shows that the fuel properties of COME improve with increase of fuel inlet temeperatures. At 114°C, kinematic viscosity and density decreased to (5.74 mm2/s and 862 kg/m3), whcich is close to diesel fuel, and the brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) was improved by 33.1% and 49.6% compared to the fuel preheated temeperature of 42°C. The input fuel energy and exergy rates of blends of fuel were seen to be improved than diesel fuel. The maximum energetic and exergetic efficiency for blended fuels in the test engine at 372 bmep were found in the range of 25−28 % and 23-26%, respectively. The blends of fuel are marginally less sustainable than diesel fuel at every bmeps. The cost analyses show that, all blends of fuel offer quite higher economic cost with respect to diesel fuel. The full economic analysis reveals that only up to 60% blends of fuel is more affordable as compared to diesel.
Highlights
In many countries, biodiesel is considered as the most valuable alternative energy resources of mineral diesel fuel in a diesel engine due to a rising demands and a gradual depletion of oil reserves of crude oil and serious emission standards (Lin et al, 2006; Naik et al, 2008)
Experiments were conducted in the engine with neat castor oil methyl ester (COME) under preheated conditions of nine different fuel inlet temperatures (42, 54, 66, 78, 90, 102, 114, 126 and 138 C)
The values indicate that most of the properties are beyond the limits of both standards and requires a treatment for optimizing the performance of COME usage as a diesel fuel in the engine for any blend ratios
Summary
Biodiesel is considered as the most valuable alternative energy resources of mineral diesel fuel in a diesel engine due to a rising demands and a gradual depletion of oil reserves of crude oil and serious emission standards (Lin et al, 2006; Naik et al, 2008). At the same time, being an oxygenated fuel, it has potential of improved of CO and un-burnt hydrocarbons in exhaust emission (Ozsezen & Canakci, 2011) In this regard, extensive research works done for utilization of biodiesel efficiently in an existing compression ignition engine without any modification (Altın et al, 2001; Khan et al, 2006). A modifications of fuel properties of biodiesel using preheating technique helps to utilize the biodiesel in different levels of blend ratios (20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% volume) in the existing compression ignition engines without any engine modification and offers a comparable engine performance parameters and less harmful exhaust emissions related to a diesel fuel. The thermo-economic study involves comparison of energy and exergy efficiency, entropy generation, sustainability and economic analysis for tested fuel samples based on the data obtained from the experiments
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