Abstract

A kinetic and thermodynamic analysis is carried out for reconstruction transitions on the GaAs(001) surface. It is shown that the transition from the As-stabilized (2×4)β2 to the Ga-stabilized (4×2)β2 structures under As4 flux is a nonequilibrium phase transition and occurs if a certain steady concentration of arsenic adatoms is attained on the surface. The transition is continuous and can be approximated by a three-parameter isotherm. The moving force of an adsorbate-induced transition is the stabilization energy for the (2×4)β2 phase accompanying the formation of arsenic dimers from arsenic adatoms. This energy is estimated. The features of the phase transitions occurring under the As4 flux and under desorption conditions for an amorphous-arsenic film are discussed.

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