Abstract
This chapter discusses photodetectors which are indispensible for optical-to-electrical conversion in optical receivers. Semiconductor-based pn, pin, and APD photodiodes are most often used in optical communication receivers because of their compact size and fast speed. Important parameters of a photodiode include responsivity and speed of response in the wavelength region it operates. In the process of photodetection, a photodiode also creates noise through several different sources such as thermal noise, shot noise, dark current noise, and photon-multiplication noise if an APD is used. In the last section of this chapter, the basic structures and applications of photovoltaic and charge-coupled devices are also discussed. Although not often used for optical communications, these pn junction-based devices are very popular in making solar cells, digital cameras, and optical sensors.
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