Abstract
Smart windows that regulate solar energy by changing optical characteristics have recently gained tremendous interest for energy-saving and indoor-comfort applications. Among them, thermochromic smart windows are promising because of their simplicity for industrial production and ease of implementation. Although significant advancements have been reported on thermochromic materials, both optical and transition properties remain unsatisfactory. This review focuses on the recent advancement of thermochromic materials for smart windows in terms of operation, performance, and potential for commercialization. It discusses the parameters typically used for gauging performance and provides a summary and comparison of various promising thermochromic materials, including vanadium dioxide, hydrogels, and perovskites. The article also points the challenges in the practical implementation of these materials and provides an outlook for future development.
Highlights
With population growth and climate change, the rise in energy consumption has become a critical global issue
We focus on three groups of thermochromic materials, which include VO2, hydrogels, and perovskites
Smart windows have been intensely studied for energy-saving and indoor comfort. This mini-review focuses on the recent advancements of thermochromic materials for smart windows in terms of operation, performance, and potential for commercialization
Summary
With population growth and climate change, the rise in energy consumption has become a critical global issue. Due to the automatic tunability of optical properties without active intervention, smart windows with passive dynamic systems are gaining traction in various applications. Passive dynamic smart windows can be further categorized according to the respective natural stimulus, including heat, light, and humidity, resulting in thermochromic, photochromic, and humidity-chromic systems.
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