Abstract
Thermo-chemical conversion of carbonaceous wastes such as tyres, plastics, biomass and crude glycerol is a promising technology compared to traditional waste treatment options (e.g. incineration and landfill).
Highlights
An enormous amount of waste is produced globally every year which attracts people's concern in terms of waste management, cost and pollution
The advantage of this method is that both Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) can be synthesised at low cost.[99]
Pyrolysis of waste tyres can be in uenced by process conditions including the type of raw material, sample size, residence time, temperature and feeding rate that have been studied by many researchers.[47,51,190,253,254,255]
Summary
An enormous amount of waste is produced globally every year which attracts people's concern in terms of waste management, cost and pollution. A large number of used tyres are generated around the world each year. It has been reported that the annual global waste tyre production is approximately 17 million tonnes.[1] The automotive retail economy is still in high demand throughout Europe accompanied by the growth of the transport sector; the increasing trend of end-of-life tyre waste generated in the EU is still expected to show an upward trend.[2]. Waste tyres are a mixture of elastomers (e.g. natural rubber, butadiene and styrene–butadiene rubbers), carbon black ller/strengthener, metal reinforcements, zinc, sulphur and other additives.[3] They are considered as one of the most
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