Thermally enhanced Wigner oscillations in two-electron 1D quantum dots

Abstract

Motivated by a recent experiment (Pecker et al 2013 Nat. Phys. 9 576), we study the stability, with respect to thermal effects, of Friedel and Wigner density fluctuations for two electrons trapped in a one-dimensional quantum dot. Diagonalizing the system exactly, the finite-temperature average electron density is computed. While the weak and strong interaction regimes display a Friedel oscillation or a Wigner molecule state at zero temperature, which as expected smear and melt as the temperature increases, a peculiar thermal enhancement of Wigner correlations in the intermediate interaction regime is found. We demonstrate that this effect is due to the presence of two different characteristic temperature scales: TF, dictating the smearing of Friedel oscillations, and TW, smoothing Wigner oscillations. In the early Wigner molecule regime, for intermediate interactions, TF < TW leading to the enhancement of the visibility of Wigner oscillations. These results complement those obtained within the Luttinger liquid picture, valid for larger numbers of particles.