Thermally decomposed Cu–Fe-hydrotalcite: A novel highly active catalyst for o-arylation of naphthol and phenols by aryl halides

Abstract

Abstract A novel, efficient and environmentally benign method has been reported for the synthesis of diaryl ethers by the o -arylation of napthol or phenols with aryl halides in dimethylformamide (as a solvent) under reflux, using a novel heterogeneous catalyst (having redox properties), obtained from thermal decomposition of Cu–Fe at 600 °C in the absence of externally added base. The catalyst comprises Cu(II) and Fe(III) species (oxides and hydroxides), which are uniformly distributed during the catalyst formation. The catalyst can be easily separated from the reaction mixture, simply by filtration and reused several times without a significant loss of its activity.