Abstract

Crop development of feijoa ( Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) is mainly stimulated by temperature, but is also affected by other climatic factors. The determination of the development in terms of thermal time or growing degree days (GDD) is more precise than calendar days. The aim of this study was to propose a phenological model for feijoa cv. Quimba, in which the base temperature (Tb) for four different phenological stages and its duration in terms of GDD is estimated to predict the timing of anthesis, fruit setting and harvesting. During the years 2012 to 2014, in two localities of the department of Cundinamarca, Colombia, twenty trees per farm were labeled, dates of occurrence of phenological stages, starting from floral button were recorded. Tb was estimated using the method of minimum coefficient of variation, as well as duration of the four reproductive phenological stages in terms of GDD. The results showed that Tb and GDD vary depending on the stage of development of the crop; in general, an average of 2651 GDD and 189 days is required to reach the flower bud to the fruit harvest. The parameters of the regression analysis showed that the model successfully predicted phenological stages when estimated Tb for each of them was used, with high determination coefficient. Cross-validation showed good statistical fit between predicted and observed values; intercept was not significantly different from zero (p <0.05) and the slope was statistically equal to one TIEMPO TERMICO PARA ESTADOS FENOLOGICOS REPRODUCTIVOS DE LA FEIJOA ( Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) El desarrollo del cultivo de feijoa ( Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret) es principalmente estimulado por la temperatura, pero tambien es afectado por otros factores climaticos. La determinacion del desarrollo en terminos de tiempo termico o grados dia de crecimiento (GDC) es mas precisa que en dias calendario. El objetivo de este estudio fue proponer un modelo fenologico para la feijoa cv. Quimba, en el que se estima la temperatura base (Tb) para cuatro periodos fenologicos reproductivos diferentes y su duracion en terminos de GDC, para predecir las fechas de antesis, cuaje de fruto y cosecha. Se marcaron veinte arboles por finca en dos localidades del departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia, durante los anos 2012 a 2014, se registraron las fechas de aparicion de los estados fenologicos, desde la formacion del boton floral. Se estimo Tb usando el metodo de minimo coeficiente de variacion, asi como la duracion de los cuatro estados fenologicos reproductivos en terminos de GDC. Los resultados mostraron que Tb y GDC varian dependiendo de la etapa de desarrollo del cultivo; en general, se requiere una media de 2651 GDC y 189 dias para llegar de boton floral a la cosecha del fruto. Los parametros del analisis de regresion mostraron que el modelo predijo satisfactoriamente las etapas fenologicas cuando se uso la Tb estimada para cada una de ellas, con alto coeficiente de determinacion. La validacion cruzada mostro buen ajuste estadistico entre valores pronosticados y observados; la intercepcion no fue significativamente diferente de cero (p <0,05) y la pendiente fue estadisticamente igual a uno.

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