Abstract
The aim of the paper is to analyse an exemplary bolted connection under the conditions of loss of bearing capacity of some fasteners in the connection. The presented tests are numerical and concern an asymmetric bolted connection. The joined elements in the connection were modelled as 3D finite elements, and the fasteners were treated as hybrid models consisting of rigid heads and nuts, and flexible beams between them. The bolted connection was first preloaded according to six different tensioning orders using a standardised force. After all bolts were tensioned, the selected bolts were removed, simulating bolt damage. The connection was then tested for external loads with temperatures ranging from 20 to 600°C. The influence of loosening the connection on the load in the remaining bolts at the operational stage of the connection was investigated. The calculation results were compared with the test results for a healthy bolted connection. It was shown that the bearing capacity of the connection in the damaged state decreased by 13%.
Highlights
Steel bolted connections are used in many engineering, mechanical and building structures that can be subjected to a wide variety of thermal loads [11, 28]
Many experimental studies with the use of testing machines have shown that temperature loads quickly lead to a significant decrease in the load capacity of bolted connections and affect their failure modes [22, 55, 62]
The forces in the bolts tend to increase with temperature, which is inherent in shear connections [44]
Summary
Steel bolted connections are used in many engineering, mechanical and building structures that can be subjected to a wide variety of thermal loads [11, 28]. It has been observed that, in the case of moment connections, the tensile force in the bolts tends to decrease with increasing temperature. In the case of shear connections, the force in the bolts tends to increase with temperature [44]. The mechanical properties of the bolts drop significantly, which directly affects the safety and reliability of steel structures [3, 34, 53]. Many experimental studies with the use of testing machines have shown that temperature loads quickly lead to a significant decrease in the load capacity of bolted connections and affect their failure modes [22, 55, 62]. In order to prevent bolted connections from being failure by elevated temperatures, a series of experimental studies have been carried out, which have resulted in the development of special design rules, for example, for additional protection of bolts [7, 18, 23, 61]
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