Abstract
The present research evaluated the influence of the concentration of sodium hydroxide and aminopropyltrimethoxysilane on the thermal stability of the aguaje fibers. The fibers were extracted by manual immersion in water and subsequent separation by manual pressure. The NaOH concentrations were 5%, 10% and 15% w / v; while in the case of the silane coupling agent they were 1% and 1.5% v / v. The chemically treated fibers together with the control samples were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis evaluation, in addition, the variation of the humidity percentage, the chemical variation of the main functional groups of the fibers and the surface physical changes of the fibers were determined in a complementary way. The mercerization - silanization treatments increase the thermal degradation temperature of the aguaje fibers, in the conditions tested this increase was 3.89% in the best of cases (5% NaOH + 1.0 Silane). Regarding untreated fibers, mercerization - silanization treatments decrease the percentage of lost mass or degradation, in the best of cases this decrease in mass percentage was 26.85% (15% NaOH + 1.5 Silane), compared to fibers without treatment. Finally, mercerization-silanization treatments increase the percentages of cellulose present in the aguaje fibers evaluated, while the amount of extractives and lignin decrease, under the chemical treatment conditions carried out in the present research.
Highlights
The current growth of environmental awareness generates a growing interest in the use of vegetable fibers, as reinforcements for composites of plastic matrix for domestic use and of medium structural responsibility
To determine the effects of chemical treatment on the Sisal fiber, it was necessary to evaluate by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mass spectrometry (TG/MS); The results showed that a film layer was formed on the surface of the fiber by adsorption of the silane consisting of siloxane and polysiloxane
As well as in DTG, a decomposition peak was found between 358 °C-418 °C (5% by weight), 356 °C - 420 °C (10% by weight); and 356 °C -418 °C (20% weight), these results indicate the thermal stability of composite materials is practically equal to PU and the amount of Curaruá fiber used does not cause any apparent change in thermal stability
Summary
The current growth of environmental awareness generates a growing interest in the use of vegetable fibers, as reinforcements for composites of plastic matrix for domestic use and of medium structural responsibility. This is largely due to their low environmental impact, low production cost, being spontaneously degradable in the environment and relatively good specific properties. From a toxicological point of view, respectful to the environment and harmless, it is a good thermal and acoustic insulator with the opportunity to be a renewable resource to improve the quality of life of rural people In this way, we can indicate that these fibers have desirable advantages over synthetic fibers; These fibers are composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, pectins, waxes, and water-soluble substances. Various physical impurities and the presence of hydroxyl groups on the fiber surface create difficulties to be used as high performance reinforcements, the mechanical performance of a composite material depends on the orientation and nature of the fibers and the matrix, the union between the fibers and the matrix plays a very important role (Joshi et al, 2004)
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