Abstract
The thermal behavior of fully lithiated and sodiated Sn electrodes cycled in a MePF6 (Me = Li or Na)-based electrolyte was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Highlights
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which dominate the portable electronic market, are prime candidates to power the generation of electric vehicles.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] LIBs offer the highest energy density and output voltage of all rechargeable battery technologies.[1,2,3,4,5,6] LIBs have several advantages, lithium deposits are mainly distributed in South America, and the limited lithium reserves are insufficient to meet the everincreasing demand for various applications
The sodiated Sn electrode cycled in the NaPF6-based electrolyte showed a thermal reaction with much greater heat generation (1719.4 J gÀ1) during the first exothermic reaction corresponding to the thermal decomposition reaction of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer, compared to that of the lithiated Sn electrode (647.7 J gÀ1) in the LiPF6-based electrolyte because of the formation of a thicker surface film on the Sn electrode
The Sn electrodes in both electrolyte systems showed nearly equivalent heat generation (NaClO4-based electrolyte system: 2644 J gÀ1 and NaPF6-based electrolyte system: 2883 J gÀ1) during the second exothermic reaction, but the exothermic peak of the Sn electrode for the NaClO4-based electrolyte system occurs at higher temperatures compared to that of the Sn electrode for the NaPF6-based electrolyte system corresponding to the direct reaction between the sodiated Sn and electrolyte. These results indicate that the large SEI-free area on the Sn electrode for the NaPF6-based electrolyte system is more exposed to the electrolytes by the thermal decomposition reaction of the SEI layer, resulting in the acceleration of further thermal reactions between the SEI-free anode and the electrolyte
Summary
Lithium ion batteries (LIBs), which dominate the portable electronic market, are prime candidates to power the generation of electric vehicles.[1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11] LIBs offer the highest energy density and output voltage of all rechargeable battery technologies.[1,2,3,4,5,6] LIBs have several advantages, lithium deposits are mainly distributed in South America, and the limited lithium reserves are insufficient to meet the everincreasing demand for various applications.
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