Thermal Soaring and Control Surface Dynamics of an Eagle and the Hummingbird’s Flapping Flight Aerodynamics

Abstract

Abstract: This review tends to shed light on the eagle’s aerodynamic attributes along with its inbuilt structural control surfaces that facilitate its high maneuverability. Apart from this, few aspects of the eagle’s wing morphing techniques, its aerofoil, and its aerodynamic stability are also being highlighted. The aim is to highlight the bio-mimicable traits of an eagle which can be incorporated into bionic UAVs. This work acts as a base for current and future works involving slotted wingtips and bionic control surfaces. The traits discussed are being used to design mechanical control surfaces and wingtips that resemble the eagle’s slotted wings and control surfaces. These works when combined with compliant mechanisms can help improve roll and yaw control of a UAV along with drag reduction. This review also highlights the aerodynamics of flapping; specifically of the hummingbird. From the hummingbird’s aerodynamics to its hovering techniques; all of its main features are being highlighted. These birds have demonstrated a wide range of aerodynamic traits which if mimicked to near perfection could pave the way for new-age drones. Maneuverability and enhanced aerodynamic optimality could be the outset of extreme sustainability measures with these birds paving the way with their evolutionary flight measures. Apart from their aerodynamic traits, a few aspects of their wing morphing techniques and their evolutionary hereditary traits are also being highlighted.