Abstract
Destructive thermal ramp experiments with commercial Li-ion batteries at different state of charge were made. Produced gases were quantified and a causing chemical reaction system is proposed.
Highlights
Li-ion batteries[1,2] excel in energy density and cycle life
We did 23 thermal-ramp experiments with NCA and LFP cells set to different state of charge (SOC)
The dependence of the thermal runaway parameters on the SOC is visualised in Fig. 3 and 5
Summary
Li-ion batteries[1,2] excel in energy density and cycle life. Those bene ts come with a price: when Li-ion batteries are mistreated with high over-temperature or strong overcharge, they can transit into a so-called thermal runaway. The battery temperature increases due to exothermic reactions. The increased temperature accelerates those degradation reactions and the system destabilizes. At the end of the thermal runaway, battery temperatures higher than 1000 C can be reached and high amounts of burnable and harmful gases can be released. The safety characteristics of Li-ion battery systems depend (a) on the used cell type (geometry, materials), (b) on the initial conditions before misuse (state of charge, ageing effects), (c) on the type of misuse (over-temperature, over-charge) and (d) on
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