Abstract
This paper investigated the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection flow of Fe3O4-water ferrofluid over a nonlinearly moving surface. The present work focused on how the state of suction on the surface of the moving sheet and the effects of thermal radiation influence the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics within the stagnation region. As such, a similarity solution is engaged to transform the governing partial differential equations to the ordinary differential equations. A collocation method, namely the bvp4c function in the MATLAB software solves the reduced system, numerically. Two different numerical solutions were identified for the cases of assisting and opposing flows. The stability analysis was conducted to test the stability of the non-uniqueness solutions. The increment of the thermal radiation effect affects the rate of heat transfer to decrease. The stability analysis conveyed that the upper branch solution is stable and vice versa for the other solution.
Highlights
The combined free and forced convections, known as mixed convection, normally take place when both free and forced convection mechanisms coexist in order to contribute to both flow and heat transfer
Apart from that, Pal and Mandal [10] determined the dominancy of thermal radiation upon mixed convection stagnation-point flow of nanofluid, namely Cu-water, Al2 O3 -water, and TiO2 -water, in a porous medium over a stretching/shrinking surface in the existence of chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and suction/injection
The flow was under the effects of thermal radiation and a transverse magnetic field of strength B, which was assumed for application in the positive y-direction normal to the sheet
Summary
The combined free (natural) and forced convections, known as mixed convection, normally take place when both free and forced convection mechanisms coexist in order to contribute to both flow and heat transfer. Apart from that, Pal and Mandal [10] determined the dominancy of thermal radiation upon mixed convection stagnation-point flow of nanofluid, namely Cu-water, Al2 O3 -water, and TiO2 -water, in a porous medium over a stretching/shrinking surface in the existence of chemical reaction, heat source/sink, and suction/injection. Pal and Mandal [11] considered the influences of heat radiation and viscous dissipation on mixed convection flow of nanofluid in a porous medium, and managed to identify the dual solutions for the shrinking case. Khan et al [21] numerically studied the MHD stagnation-point flow and heat transfer towards a stretching sheet in a ferrofluid with viscous dissipation. From the outcome of the literature review, it was found that the effect of thermal radiation in the mixed convection ferrofluid flow past a stretching/shrinking sheet, with the identification of the dual solutions.
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