Abstract
AbstractA clay deposit from Poskimaki (PM, Puolanka, Finland) was fractionated, and the coarse fraction (size 0.02–2 mm) was characterized to find potential applications in water or waste water treatment. The coarse fraction contained mainly quartz, kaolinite, and iron-containing compounds. Thermal behavior was investigated by simultaneous thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA–DSC). The observations were supported by thermodynamic calculations executed with FactSage and HSC software and their databases. TGA–DSC analyses verified the differences between the untreated and annealed (800°C) samples. Kaolinite transformed into amorphous metakaolinite at 450–600°C. Phase transformations also occurred at a lower temperature range (240–320°C) with the PM sample. TGA–DSC data suggested the use of different annealing temperatures for the modification of the PM sample. The PM samples (non-annealed, 185, 360, 800°C) were tested as adsorbents for the removal of phosphate from water. The...
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