Abstract
In this paper we study numerically the behavior of water in a cylindrical container within a constant and maintained temperature at the bottom and lateral wall. We study the temporal behavior of the flow velocity and temperature in the sample, highlighting the development of thermal plumes close to the lower boundary. The regime is laminar for the range of parameters studied and the flow evolves to a stationary state with a homogenous temperature in the cell. We analyze the effect of the bath temperature in the character of the flow developed and determine the temperature threshold at which fully 3D flows (non-axisymmetric) are found, for which thermal plumes grow more abundantly and in a more disorganized way. We use a 3D temporal model coupling heat and momentum equations based on spectral element methods. Results are of interest as they permit a full understanding of this conventional way of heating and the effect of the variation of external temperature conditions on the temperature and fluid flow distribution in the sample.
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