Thermal Performance and Numerical Simulation of the 1-Pyrene Carboxylic-Acid Functionalized Graphene Nanofluids in a Sintered Wick Heat Pipe

Alireza Esmaeilzadeh,Mahyar Silakhori,Mohammad Sajad Naghavi Sanjani,Soudeh Iranmanesh,Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar,Azuddin Bin Mamat,Nik Nazri Nik Ghazali

doi:10.3390/en13246542

Alireza Esmaeilzadeh, Mahyar Silakhori + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/en13246542

Copy DOI

Abstract

Experimental and numerical modeling of a heat pipe included with a phase change heat transfer was developed to assess the effects of three parameters of nanofluid, heat pipe inclination angles, and input heating power. Distilled water (DW) and 1-pyrene carboxylic-acid (PCA)-functionalized graphene nanofluid (with concentrations of 0.06 wt%) were used as working fluids in the heat pipe. A computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model was developed for evaluation of the heat transfer and two-phase flow through the steady-state process of the heat pipe. It was found that inclination significantly affects the heat transfer of the heat pipe. Maximum increment of thermal performance in the heat pipe reached 49.4% by using 0.06 wt% of PCA-functionalized graphene as working fluids. The result associated with this comparison indicates that the highest deviation is less than 6%, consequently confirming that the CFD model was successful in reproducing the heat and mass transfer processes in the DW and nanofluids charged heat pipe. The results of CFD simulation have good agreement between predicted temperature profiles and experimental data.

Highlights

Heat transfer and energy supply contribute vastly to different domains such as electronic tools and energy production
The outer surface temperatures affect the performance and capacity of heat transport for the heat pipe that could be enhanced via a careful choice of working fluid, design of heat pipe, and incline angle
The differences in temperature amongst the evaporator shown the distributions of temperature at the outer surface of the heat pipe filled with Distilled water (DW) as the reference working fluid for various tilt angles (θ = 0°,30°, 60°, 90°)

Summary

Introduction

Heat transfer and energy supply contribute vastly to different domains such as electronic tools and energy production. The role of heat pipes performance is very crucial in numerous industries such as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) and solar thermal system [1,2,3,4]. One of the methods to excel the function of heat pipe is to use highly efficient fluid and proper design of the internal wall of heat pipe. A heat pipe is a device with a high operative heat transfer rate in evaporating and condensing a fluid that transfers the heat in two phases. A two-phase closed thermosyphon or a wickless heat pipe uses the gravitational forces to transfer the working fluid to the evaporator. The main difference with wicked heat pipe is, which capillary forces cause to the return of the Energies 2020, 13, 6542; doi:10.3390/en13246542 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies The main difference with wicked heat pipe is in the condenser section, which capillary forces cause to the return of the Energies 2020, 13, 6542; doi:10.3390/en13246542 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion