Abstract
The thermal management system architectures proposed for hydrogen-powered propulsion technologies are critically reviewed and assessed. The objectives of this paper are to determine the system-level shortcomings and to recognise the remaining challenges and research questions that need to be sorted out in order to enable this disruptive technology to be utilised by propulsion system manufacturers. Initially, a scientometrics based co-word analysis is conducted to identify the milestones for the literature review as well as to illustrate the connections between relevant ideas by considering the patterns of co-occurrence of words. Then, a historical review of the proposed embodiments and concepts dating back to 1995 is followed. Next, feasible thermal management system architectures are classified into three distinct classes and its components are discussed. These architectures are further extended and adapted for the application of hydrogen-powered fuel cells in aviation. This climaxes with the assessment of the available evidence to verify the reasons why no hydrogen-powered propulsion thermal management system architecture has yet been approved for commercial production. Finally, the remaining research challenges are identified through a systematic examination of the critical areas in thermal management systems for application to hydrogen-powered air vehicles’ engine cooling. The proposed solutions are discussed from weight, cost, complexity, and impact points of view by a system-level assessment of the critical areas in the field.
Highlights
Stringent environmental regulations set on fossil fuels and ambitious net-zero targets has resulted in new research that focuses on alternative fuels as potential enablers of low or zero carbon technologies [1]
A hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system is reviewed in this paper for dynamic operation and control with different system stall/surge control strategies
This article examined the integration with other cycles with the hybrid solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine system
Summary
Stringent environmental regulations set on fossil fuels and ambitious net-zero targets has resulted in new research that focuses on alternative fuels as potential enablers of low or zero carbon technologies [1]. The ACARE (Advisory Council for Aeronautics Research in Europe) has announced the Flight Path 2050 in which stringent targets are stated for civil aircraft of the generation (e.g., 75% reduction in CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre and a 90% reduction in NOX emissions of flying aircraft relative to the capabilities of typical new aircraft in 2000) [2] To overcome these severe limitations, compressed or liquefied hydrogen have been proposed as a promising option owing to its possible benefits of zero-carbon emission due to a clean combustion [3,4,5]. One one of of the the practical practical (~2.8 the jet jet fuel), fuel), global global availability, availability, and bottlenecks in the implementation and technology development procedure of hydrogenbottlenecks in the implementation and technology development procedure of hydrogenlimitations, or thermal liquefied hydrogen have been proposed as a promising option powered aircompressed vehicles is is the the thermal management management of the the system
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