Thermal Loads and Cost Reduction for a Residential House by Change Its Orientation and Add Roof Shading

Abstract

The Iraqi climate is characterized by high temperatures in summer that require a
 large capacity of air conditioning systems to meet the suitable climate conditions
 which they are appropriate for the comfortable conditions for human especially
 housing units. The demerits of these systems are the high-maintenance-cost as well
 as high electrical power consumption, whereas the last considers currently one of
 the major obstacles in Iraq. This research studies the influence of two significant
 factors to reduce the thermal loads of the building which leads to decrease the
 consumption of the energy. The Study of the effect for the building's direction to
 the falling angle of the sunlight during the daylight in addition to the probability of
 reducing the thermal load of the building, and studying the effect of shading the
 buildings' roofs with red tile to prevent the falling sunlight on the roofs using the
 design method cooling load temperature difference (Cooling Load Temperature
 Difference –CLTD-) to calculate the thermal loads of a building designed
 according to the modern Iraqi design Located in Baghdad. The results explained a
 decrease in the thermal load through external walls by (12.32%) when directing the
 building to the direction West (W) compared to the South-West (SW) trend, while
 the thermal load through the glass decreased by 24.9% when directing the building
 to the North (N )direction with a trend of South-West (SW) as well as a decrease
 of 8.5% for the total thermal load of the building when directing the building to the
 direction North (N) compared to other trends and when shading the roof with a
 material preventing the sun reduces the rate of thermal load of the roof by 55%
 compared to the exposed roof. The study also shows in terms of the costs per
 building provides about (108787 ID / Day) of the supported governmental costs
 whereas the non-governmental cost is about (55987 ID / Day).