Abstract
Abstract The thermal effect is the most common effect of tissue–laser interaction in urology. With the widespread use of endoscopic instruments laser applications in urology have dramatically increased. Various urological conditions can nowadays be successfully treated with lasers. In the treatment of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) have proven as reliable, safe and effective treatment alternatives. Urethral strictures, bladder neck sclerosis and ureteropelvic junction (UPJ) obstruction have also been treated successfully with lasers; however their role is limited to selected cases and conditions. For the treatment of malignant diseases, lasers can be applied in early stage upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (UUTTCC) and penile carcinoma. This review summarizes the potential and limitations of thermal lasers in urology.
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