Thermal insulated C/SiC nanofiber aerogel with high thermal stability and superior electromagnetic wave absorption performance

Abstract

Integration of thermal insulation and electromagnetic wave absorption was crucial in stealth technology and hypersonic vehicles but challenging. Herein, silicon carbide nanofibers were synthesized by in situ chemical vapor deposition within a carbon foam skeleton to form a wave absorbing and heat insulating integrated composite aerogel with a hierarchical porous structure. The unique hierarchical porous structure provided an excellent platform for the absorption of electromagnetic waves, achieving a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −51.46 dB at 17.20 GHz. Meanwhile, the C/SiC nanofiber aerogel maintained a low density of 0.013 g/cm3, an ultra-low thermal conductivity of 0.030 W/(m⋅K) and a high thermal stability up to 1000 °C. Furthermore, to enhance the electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorption property of the aerogel, polypyrrole (PPy) was coated on the surface of C/SiC nanofiber aerogel by facile impregnation and chemical polymerization. The multiple conductor-semiconductor-conductor structure of C/SiC-PPy composite aerogel leads to various EMW loss mechanisms and excellent impedance match, resulting in an outstanding EMW absorption performance, with a RLmin of −60.31 dB at 2.96 GHz.