Thermal injury induces early blood vessel occlusion in a porcine model of brass comb burn

Jing Wang,Naseem H Ansari,Jianzi Zhang,Amina El Ayadi,David N Herndon,Perenlei Enkhbaatar,John R Salsbury,Cheng Z Wang

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-91874-0

Jing Wang, Naseem H Ansari + Show 6 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-91874-0

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Abstract

Burn wound progression is an important determinant of patient morbidity and mortality after injury. In this study, we used the brass comb contact burn to determine burn wound vertical injury progression with a focus on blood vessel occlusion and endothelial cell death. Class A 3-month-old Yorkshire pigs received a brass comb contact burn. Burn wounds were sampled at 0, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, and 24 h. Hematoxylin Phloxin Saffron staining and vimentin immunostaining were performed to determine the depth of blood vessel occlusion and endothelial cell death, respectively. The depth of blood vessel occlusion increased by 30 min (p < 0.005) and peaked by 1 to 4 h (p > 0.05). The depth of endothelial cell death risen to a plateau at 30 min (p < 0.005) to 2 h and then peaked at 24 h (p < 0.03). We observed a progression of blood vessel occlusion and vascular endothelial cell death from the middle of the dermis to the hypodermis within 2 h to 4 h after the initial injury, namely a progression from a second-degree (partial thickness) to third-degree (full thickness) burn. These data suggest that therapeutic interventions during this time window may provide a better outcome by reducing or preventing vertical progression of blood vascular occlusion or endothelial cell death.

Highlights

Burn wound progression is an important determinant of patient morbidity and mortality after injury
If a pathology component such as blood vessel occlusion is established by 2 h after burn, an intervention starting after 2 h will not prevent the pathology development
At 30 min after brass comb contact burn, blood vessel occlusion was observed just beneath the epidermis on the burn sites and was featured with dilated venules and/or arterioles filled with erythrocyte aggregates and/or

Summary

Introduction

Burn wound progression is an important determinant of patient morbidity and mortality after injury. We used the brass comb contact burn to determine burn wound vertical injury progression with a focus on blood vessel occlusion and endothelial cell death. We observed a progression of blood vessel occlusion and vascular endothelial cell death from the middle of the dermis to the hypodermis within 2 h to 4 h after the initial injury, namely a progression from a second-degree (partial thickness) to third-degree (full thickness) burn. The zone of necrosis does not initially undergo necrosis but experiences complete cessation of blood flow within the first 24 hours[3] Since it has been recognized burn wounds undergo a dynamic progression during the first few days after injury. If a pathology component such as blood vessel occlusion is established by 2 h after burn, an intervention starting after 2 h will not prevent the pathology development

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