Abstract
The Zimpro Thermal Sludge Treatment Process installed at the Sand Island Wastewater Treatment Plant, Honolulu, HI, was evaluated for its reliability in disinfecting human enteric viruses and fecal bacteria in the treated sludge. The principle of this process involves grinding the sludge particles to a small size (< 4.8 mm) and heating the ground sludge to 193°C under 330 psi pressure for 30 min. Such thermally treated sludge yielded no human enteric viruses and little or no fecal bacteria (< 2 to 24 MPN/100 g), thus rendering the sludge safe for reuse. In corollary studies, the nitrocellulose-enzyme immunoassay was evaluated as an alternate cost-effective method to augment infectivity assays for the detection of human enteric viruses. The method was found to be rapid, highly sensitive (it can detect picogram quantities), and specific for the detection of human enteric viruses.
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