Thermal impacts of electromagnetic trihybrid nanofluid flow through a porous expanding sheet with chemical amalgamation: Entropy analysis

Abstract

The challenge arises from the inadequacy of conventional fluids to facilitate effective heating and cooling processes in industries. Trihybrid nanofluids, consisting of a combination of three distinct types of nanoparticles suspended in base fluids, emerge as the upcoming generation of heat transfer mediums. This innovative category of fluids can be attributed to their broad potential applications in a multitude of nanotechnology and heat transfer devices. The aim of the present study is to analyse the generation of entropy resulting from the changes in temperature-dependent viscosity in the motion of an electromagnetic trihybrid nanofluid over a porous stretched surface. This investigation considers the impact of radiation, heat sources, and chemical reactions. The nonlinear partial differential equations that govern the system are converted into ordinary differential equations using a similarity substitution. The resulting ODEs are subsequently resolved by means of the shooting mechanism in conjunction with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg methodology. The findings of the study have been elucidated via the execution of a comparative analysis involving three types of nanofluids. The velocity of the nanofluids decreased by 13.12% and 15.8% due to changes in viscosity and porousness, while it exhibited a 13.12% increase in trihybrid nanofluids with enhanced convection.The velocity demonstrates an inverse relationship with electric and magnetic fields, leading to a 2% variation in nanoparticle behavior. However, the temperature increases by 8.24% in trihybrid nanofluids subjected to the same fields. The Eckert number, radiation, and heat source parameters enhance the temperature in trihybrid nanofluids by 8.12%. The electric and magnetic field intensities result in a reduction of entropy production in nanofluids by 4.92%, while the Bejan number experiences a 14.48% increase in trihybrid nanofluids under the same fields. Moreover, Eckert number, heat generation, and electric and magnetic fields lead to accelerated heat transfers. The findings suggest that trihybrid nanofluids transfer heat 9.24% faster than regular or hybrid nanofluids.