Thermal hazard assessment of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) synthesis

Abstract

In order to assess thermal hazard of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazole-5-one (NTO) synthesis, the thermal decomposition behaviors of 1,2,4-triazole-5-one (TO), nitrification liquor and NTO under the kinetic and adiabatic environments were explored by virtue of differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC). The outcomes provide key safety parameters for the safety of NTO during the reaction process, transportation and preservation. In addition, the exothermic characteristics of TO nitrification process was monitored by automatic multifunctional reaction calorimeter (EasyMax HFCal), the total heat release of nitrification reaction at different feeding temperatures were comparatively studied and the relationship between feeding rate and thermal runaway in NTO synthesis process is explored. The outcomes reveal that the thermal release rate is high at the reactive feeding phase, and the feeding rate ought to be regulated. The thermal variables such as adiabatic temperature elevation (∆Tad) and maximal temperature of the synthesis reaction (MTSR) were calculated to evaluate the thermal hazard of NTO synthesis at diverse feeding temperatures. To ensure the safety of NTO industrial production, these studies provide theoretical basis and guidance for controlling the thermal runaway risk of NTO synthesis.