Abstract
It has always been difficult to observe thermally induced explosions, because the onset is unpredictable. By use of ultrasound to induce intense, localized frictional heating at the surface of crystals embedded in a flexible polymer, we have created a new method for the initiation of microexplosions under conditions where temporal and spatially resolved observations can be made. Specifically, we report the use of ultrasound to flash-heat polymer-embedded 10 000 K/s. By using this extremely rapid heating on small samples, we were able to confine the explosion to narrow regions in time and space. The explosion was measured using dual thermal imagers providing temporal and spatial resolutions of 1 μs and 15 μm. Surprisingly, the explosions always occurred in two stages, an initial 0.1 ms stage and a subsequent 100 ms stage. The first stage of RDX explosion (2500 K lasting 140 μs) was less violent than that for HMX (4400 K lasting 70 μs), which is c...
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