Thermal enhancement, thermophoretic diffusion, and Brownian motion impacts on MHD micropolar nanofluid over an inclined surface: Numerical simulation

Abstract

The majority of liquids are undesirable for engineering due to their low heat conductivity. Scientists and researchers are developing nanofluids, which are made of nanoparticles (NPs) scattered in a base fluid, to boost the capacity for heat transfer in a variety of industries, including molten metals, pharmaceuticals, and computers. In this study, the magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) flow of a micropolar nanofluid model with particle microstructure and inertial properties is investigated. A micropolar nanofluid’s flow is examined concerning the effects of a magnetic field. Aspects of heat and mass transfer are investigated using thermal radiation, thermophoresis, Brownian motion, and double diffusion theory toward an inclined surface. With the right level of similarity, the process converts partial differential equations emerging in nanofluidic systems into nonlinear differential equation systems. The FDM finite difference approach (FDM) (Lobatto IIIA) is used for the nonlinear nanofluid issue with the precision of order 4–5 and is implemented using a variety of collocation locations. The strength of Lobatto IIIA is its effectiveness in handling coupled differential equations that are extremely nonlinear. The higher-order differential equations are converted into a first-order method utilizing the boundary value dilemma (bvp4c) solver, which is part of the MATLAB software package, to computationally analyze the simplified mathematical model. The data obtained demonstrated a high degree of accuracy and symmetry when measured against previously published studies. Numerous variables’ effects on fluid flow are examined and graphically displayed with obtained numerical data. The results show that the temperature profile behaves in a way that is consistent with increasing thermophoresis and Brownian motion forces. This work provides insights into practical applications such as nanofluidic, energy conservation, friction reduction, and power generation. However, the work makes a significant point that the flow of a micropolar nanofluid including NPs can be regulated by appropriately modifying the thermophoresis parameter and Brownian motion parameter.