Thermal conductivity of niobium in the purely superconducting and normal states

Abstract

The thermal conductivity λ of four niobium samples has been measured between 1 and 10 K, both in the superconducting and normal states. The specimens differed in their crystal defect structures due to annealing at different temperatures (dislocations, grain boundaries) and, in one case, to subsequent fast neutron irradiation (dislocation loops). A procedure has been developed with which the electron and phonon contributions to the thermal conductivity can be separated with an accuracy not hitherto obtainable. All the samples proved to have the same energy gap at 0K:δ(0)=(1.95±0.02)kTc. The phonon conductivity in the superconducting stateλps has been compared with the formula of Bardeen, Rickayzen, and Tewordt extended for scattering mechanisms other than phonon-electron interaction. For the unirradiated samples at\({\text{T}} \lesssim 0.15T_{\text{c}} \), λps is proportional toT2, showing that dislocations are mainly responsible for the phonon scattering. The results are qualitatively in agreement with the theory of Klemens, giving a rough indication that the grain boundaries may be considered as arrays of line dislocations. Dislocation loops introduced by the neutron irradiation turn out to behave like clusters of point defects. A second consequence of the irradiation is an enhancement of the original dislocation scattering term.