Thermal characterization of heat source (sink) on hybridized (Cu–Ag/EG) nanofluid flow via solid stretchable sheet

Abstract

Abstract The goal of this research is to consider the thermal impact on varied convection flow in hybrid nanofluids with heat generation over a two-dimensional heated flat around a stretchable sheet. The flow is considered steady and incompressible while the stretchable sheet is assumed an impermeable. Two distinctive nano-level particles are considered, namely copper (Cu) and silver (Ag) with ethylene glycol base fluid. The boundary layer was generated on a stretchable sheet surface by mixed convection flow in hybrid nanofluids. Ideally, the sink and source are thermal reservoirs of internal thermal capacities. This means you can extract or reject heat from them without changing their temperature. To make a study of thermodynamic systems like heat engines and refrigerator systems, the governing equations were solved numerically with Keller-box methodology depending on the implicit finite-difference technique. Research findings were worked with the parameters of mixed convection, Prandtl number, nanoparticle volume fraction, through various non-dimensional parameters, and heat generation. Especially for thermal generation enhancement, the fluidity and thermal dispersal get elevated. Even though the flowing behavior and the thermal dispersal of hybridity fluids with the combinations of Cu and Ag nanoparticles were similar, their values are distinct, which reflect in graphical displays. The hybrid nanofluidity gets improved with the volume variation of nanoparticles if the ϕ \phi value is 0.01 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05 0.01\le \phi \le 0.05 and if the flow profile value decreases ϕ h {\phi }_{{\rm{h}}} , where 0.01 ≤ ϕ h ≤ 0.05 0.01\le {\phi }_{{\rm{h}}}\le 0.05 as the dispersal of temperature enhances when the nanoparticle nanofluid constraint is improved.