Thermal characteristics of magnetized hybrid Casson nanofluid flow in a converging–diverging channel with radiative heat transfer: a computational analysis

Abstract

In the present article we consider the physical model of two-dimensional Casson hybrid nanofluids flow, which is magnetized and thermally radiative, laminar, incompressible inside the channel. Flow equations have been modelled for two dimensional axial and radial velocity components u\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$u$$\\end{document} along x-axis\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$x{\ ext{-axis}}$$\\end{document} and v\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$v$$\\end{document} along the y-axis\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$y{\ ext{-axis}}$$\\end{document}. There exists temperature T1>T2\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\left({T}_{1}>{T}_{2}\\right)$$\\end{document} which is constant for upper and lower walls. The Casson nanofluids model with nano type particles includes heat transfer effect between two stretched and shrinking walls of the channel was constructed. The continuity, momentum and energy equations are modelled in cartesian coordinates system. The finite element technique is used to evaluate numerical solutions for velocity, temperature, Skin friction and Nusselt number. It is evident that the hybrid Casson nanofluids exhibit opposite behaviors in the stretching and shrinking cases near the upper and lower walls of the channel. It is also observed that in the stretching case, increasing the values of the Casson parameter leads to a rise in both shear stress and heat transfer rate for both plates of the channel. However, the results contradict this trend in the shrinking case. Understanding the thermal characteristics of magnetized hybrid fluids can be applied to the design of advanced cooling systems in engineering applications, biomedical fluid dynamic, in energy system this study can be applied to improve the efficiency of energy systems where fluid flow and heat transfer play crucial roles. Further use of nanofluids suggests a connection to nanotechnology, and the study may have implications for the development of advanced nanomaterial-based heat transfer fluids.