Thermal Change Affects Flexural and Thermal Properties of Fused Deposition Modeling Poly(Lactic Acid) and Compression Molding Poly(Methyl Methacrylate).

Taksid Charasseangpaisarn,Chairat Wiwatwarrapan,Viritpon Srimaneepong

doi:10.1055/s-0042-1743148

Taksid Charasseangpaisarn, Chairat Wiwatwarrapan + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1743148

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Abstract

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used materials in three-dimensional (3D) printing technology due to its multiple advantages such as biocompatibility and biodegradable. However, there is still a lack of study on 3D printing PLA for use as a denture base material. The goal of this study was to compare 3D printing PLA to traditional poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) as a denture basis. The PMMA (M) and PLA (L) specimens were fabricated by compression molding, and fuse deposition modeling technique, respectively. Each specimen group was divided into three different temperature groups of 25°C (25), 37°C (37), and 55°C (55). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of raw materials and specimen was investigated using differential scanning calorimetry. The heat deflection temperature (HDT) of each material was also observed. The data of flexural strength and flexural modulus were analyzed with two-way analysis of variance, and Tukey honestly significant difference. The Tg and HDT data, on the other hand, were descriptively analyzed. The results showed that PLA had lower flexural strength than PMMA in all temperature conditions, while the PMMA 25°C (M25) and PMMA 37°C (M37) obtained the highest mean values. PLA 25°C (L25) and PLA 37°C (L37) had significant higher flexural modulus than the other groups. However, the flexural properties of L55 could not be observed, which may be explained by Tg and HDT of PLA. PLA only meets the flexural modulus requirement, although it was greater than flexural modulus of PMMA. On the other hand, PMMA can meet both good flexural strength and modulus requirement. However, increase in temperature could reduce flexural strength and flexural modulus of PMMA and PLA.

Highlights

Increasing popularity of additive manufacturing, three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques, has demonstrates good dimensional stability.[1]
The results showed that polylactic acid (PLA) had lower flexural strength than poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) in all temperature conditions, while the PMMA 25°C (M25) and PMMA 37°C (M37) obtained the highest mean values
The flexural properties of L55 could not be observed, which may be explained by Tg and heat deflection temperature (HDT) of PLA

Summary

Introduction

Increasing popularity of additive manufacturing, three-dimensional (3D) printing techniques, has demonstrates good dimensional stability.[1]. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most popular additive manufacturing processes to fabricate a cost-effective thermoplastic work piece.[2]. FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) is mostly used for prototypes or models due to simplicity of fabrication and low cost.[4]. Apart from PLA, other polymeric materials that are widely manufactured by FDM include acrylonitrile-butadiene styrene, polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane, and polyether ether ketone (PEEK). PLA is a bio-based and biodegradable polymeric material that could be fabricated with many methods such as injection molding, compression molding, and 3D printing. PLA has high flexural strength and flexural modulus according to a previous study.[6]. The study by Deng et al showed that complete denture fabricated by FDM-PLA had high accuracy and adaptation to the cast.[2]. Even though PLA has many benefits, the investigation of PLA as a denture base material and the effect of temperature on the material have not been well studied

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