Abstract
Bioprinting technology merges engineering and biological fields and together, they possess a great translational potential, which can tremendously impact the future of regenerative medicine and drug discovery. However, the molecular effects elicited by thermal inkjet bioprinting in breast cancer cells remains elusive. Previous studies have suggested that bioprinting can be used to model tissues for drug discovery and pharmacology. We report viability, apoptosis, phosphorylation, and RNA sequence analysis of bioprinted MCF7 breast cancer cells at separate timepoints post-bioprinting. An Annexin A5-FITC apoptosis stain was used in combination with flow cytometry at 2 and 24 h post-bioprinting. Antibody arrays using a Human phospho-MAPK array kit was performed 24 h post-bioprinting. RNA sequence analysis was conducted in samples collected at 2, 7, and 24 h post-bioprinting. The post-bioprinting cell viability averages were 77 and 76% at 24 h and 48 h, with 31 and 64% apoptotic cells at 2 and 24 h after bioprinting. A total of 21 kinases were phosphorylated in the bioprinted cells and 9 were phosphorylated in the manually seeded controls. The RNA seq analysis in the bioprinted cells identified a total of 12,235 genes, of which 9.7% were significantly differentially expressed. Using a ±2-fold change as the cutoff, 266 upregulated and 206 downregulated genes were observed in the bioprinted cells, with the following 5 genes uniquely expressed NRN1L, LUCAT1, IL6, CCL26, and LOC401585. This suggests that thermal inkjet bioprinting is stimulating large scale gene alterations that could potentially be utilized for drug discovery. Moreover, bioprinting activates key pathways implicated in drug resistance, cell motility, proliferation, survival, and differentiation.
Highlights
In vitro testing for drug discovery keeps making strides, especially with the advancement of genomics, proteomics, pharmacodynamics, bioinformatics, and automated High Throughput Screening (Andrade et al, 2016; Peng et al, 2017)
We believe that bioprinting may stimulate other conditions like exacerbating pathways implicated in drug immunity, cell motility, proliferation, survival, and differentiation such as the expression of NRN1L, Lung Cancer Associated Transcript 1 (LUCAT1), IL6, and C motif Chemokine Ligand 26 (CCL26), which have been implicated with numerous diseases
Bioprinted MCF7 cells showed increased levels of phosphorylation in analytes that have been identified as key players in activating critical pathways that when dysregulated, are associated with biological aggressive oncogenic properties
Summary
In vitro testing for drug discovery keeps making strides, especially with the advancement of genomics, proteomics, pharmacodynamics, bioinformatics, and automated High Throughput Screening (Andrade et al, 2016; Peng et al, 2017). The comprehensive cellular response of bioprinted MCF7 breast cancer cells (BCC) or any other cells at the molecular level has not been published, yet it is crucial to determine whether bioprinted cancer models can potentially be used to predict drug efficacy, toxicity, and safety It has been widely suggested in the literature that bioprinting technology could lead to the pivotal discoveries of tissue engineered products which can be used for a range of clinical applications, e.g., skin grafting, tissue regeneration, cartilage repair, and others (Cui et al, 2012a, Yanez et al, 2014; Gudapati et al, 2016; Miri et al, 2019; Yerneni et al, 2019). Apoptosis (programmed cell death), kinase phosphorylation, and RNA sequencing (RNA seq) analysis of BP MCF7 BCCs
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
