Thermal biology of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum): General insights for aquaculture in a changing world

Abstract

AbstractIn this study, we review the state of the knowledge regarding the thermal biology of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) with emphasis on reproductive, zootechnical, metabolic, physiological and molecular aspects, which may direct paths for new research. We observed an optimal range for performance of the species, since it grows and reproduces well between 25 and 32°C, though does not tolerate temperatures below 23°C. Temperatures above 30°C cause disturbances in the processes of reproduction and development of embryos and larvae of tambaqui. Its metabolism is influenced by the size of the animal, with greater oxygen consumption in smaller animals and at higher temperatures. Haematology is one of the most often investigated fields and shows an elevation of the analysed blood parameters according to elevation in temperature, which, above 35°C, seems to be harmful to animals. However, studies are needed that examine the relationships between temperature and nutritional aspects (protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism), the cellular responses, the relationship with other environmental parameters (pH, oxygen, dissolved organic carbon), pollutants, ionic regulation and excretion, aerobic metabolism, growth and reproduction under warm conditions (>32°C; +60 days). There is also the need to determine the thermal limits of the species as a function of different acclimation temperatures.