Abstract
The most critical part and barrier of phase change material (PCM) applications are the accuracy of simulations and the control of the process. The state of the PCM and the momentarily stored energy cannot be estimated easily unless numerous temperature sensors are used. There are a lot of models used by researchers, but most of them focus solely on the full charging or discharging of the PCM thermal energy storage. In a real working environment, the phase change is often interrupted so this phenomenon should also be modelled with high accuracy. The aim of this paper is to present the newly developed diagonal model validated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, which can model what occurs inside the hysteresis of the solid–liquid two-phase state. The model was created and validated by using paraffin wax (P53) and was further tested with coconut oil (C.oil20), which has a very wide hysteresis. The modelling accuracy of the different models was compared with each other, and the evaluations were carried out.
Highlights
Phase change materials (PCM) are widely used as thermal energy storage (TES) materials
The aim of this paper is to present the newly developed diagonal model validated by differential scanning calorimetry measurements, which can model what occurs inside the hysteresis of the solid–liquid two-phase state
The P53 hysteresis is located on a higher temperature range; for the purpose of demonstrating the great difference between the hysteresis of the two investigated materials, the width of the P53 hysteresis is shown with dashed lines transposed on the fitted temperature lines of C.oil20 hysteresis
Summary
Phase change materials (PCM) are widely used as thermal energy storage (TES) materials. As heat is stored through the phase change of materials and not through their temperature, it is possible to expand the commonly used TES solutions. Researchers use different methods to model the thermal behaviour of PCMs [10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23]. The solid–liquid two-phase state is investigated with the use of models inconsistent with each other [24, 25]. Their accuracy has to be analysed, and a new, more accurate model should be established. Thermal calorimetry measurements are needed for the examination of the two-phase state
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