Thermal behavior of hybrid nanomaterial within a permeable chamber considering Lorentz impact

Abstract

Numerical approach has been employed to model the effect of permeability and Lorentz terms on buoyant flow of nanomaterial within a tank with one sinusoidal hot element. Although managing the system in thermal view is important, scrutinizing the irreversibility should be considered to reach the optimized unit. CVFEM with involving vorticity formulation was selected and sources terms of Lorentz and permeability was involved in vorticity transportation. Outcomes were summarized in terms of 3D distributions for Nu, Be and contours. Although increasing Ha leads to higher temperature of inner wavy wall, temperature gradient reduces which causes Nu to reduce and Be to increase. These effects are attributed to lower strength of circulation cell with rise of Ha which makes isotherms become parallel to each other and friction factor do not allow the nanomaterial to move faster inside the tank. With reduce of Da, resistance term becomes superior than convection term and nano particles cannot migrate easier and consequently Nu declines with reduce of permeability. Lower Da leads to higher share of Sgen,th and Be increases and same trend was reported for Ra. Stronger buoyancy force cause more complex isotherms and temperature of hot elements declines, so Nu enhances while reduction in temperature gradient leads to lower Be. Although augment of Ha can enhance the Be about 17.9% while it makes Nu to reduce about 24.7%. As Ra augments, Be declines about 75.22% while Nu for greater Ra is 2.79 times greater than that of Ra = 103. Temperature of inner wall declines about 62.5% and 25% with growth of Ra and Da, respectively. Besides, as Ha increases, temperature augments about 33.33%. Sgen,th declines about 18.18% with rise of Ra.