Abstract
Currently, in the energy sector circulating fluidized bed boilers are popularly used, resulting in the production of large amounts of fly ash. Due to the limited possibilities of utilization, the development of technology for their processing is crucial. One of the most promising and intensively studied ways to exploit fly ash (including those derived from fluidized bed boilers) is their use for the synthesis of zeolite materials. Here, we present the methods of manufacturing zeolite materials from fly ash obtained from hard coal combustion in circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers. The paper details the characteristics of the substrates [fly ash from two different combined heat and power (CHP) plants] and products of synthesis conducted according to two methods—the low-temperature method and the fusion method. Both the substrates and the products of each particular synthesis were subjected to thorough examination in terms of density, morphology, phase composition, specific surface area and the average diameter and volume of pores. Conducting thermal analysis combined with quadruple mass spectrometry enabled the interpretation of the physicochemical process occurring during heating and the determination of the thermal stability of the examined materials. Zeolite X was obtained via low-temperature synthesis of fly ash from the CFB boiler of one of the CHP plants. According to the examination, the presence of Ca in fly ash seriously hinders zeolite synthesis.
Highlights
In the energy sector, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers began to be used in the 1990s
The paper details the characteristics of the substrates [fly ash from two different combined heat and power (CHP) plants] and products of synthesis conducted according to two methods—the low-temperature method and the fusion method
This effect is probably the result of the combustion process in fluidized bed boilers conducted in parallel with flue gas desulphurization, during which the following are mainly used as sorbents: chalk, dolomite and limestone
Summary
In the energy sector, circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers began to be used in the 1990s. This resulted in an increase in the amount of fly ash from power plants burning coal on CFB beds (e.g., in Poland from approximately 750,000 tons in 1998 to approximately 2,000,000 tons in 2015) [1]. The need for new methods for its disposal has become urgent. At first sight, such wastes may be exploited in various branches of the industry. Grains in the obtained ash have an irregular shape and contain a large amount of crystalline particles, which is undesirable for the construction industry [2]
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