Abstract
Internal short circuit in lithium-ion battery by penetrating element leads to exothermic behavior due to accumulated heat. In the present study, investigations are conducted on the thermal behavior of the LIR2450 micro coin cell haivng capacity of 120 mAh, with internal short circuit by penetrating element. The experimental coin cell discharge study was conducted and validated with numerical study within ±5.0%. The effect of penetrating element size, location of penetrating element, state of charge, discharge rate, short-circuit resistance, and heat transfer co-efficient on maximum coin cell temperature and heat generation rate are analyzed. The penetrating element diameters of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 mm are considered. The effect of initial state of charge (SOC) is considered with 100%, 80%, 60%, and 40%. Three locations for penetrating element are considered with the center, the middle of the radius, and on the edge of the coin cell radius. The different discharge rates of 1C, 2C, 3C, and 4C are considered. The higher-penetrating element size of 3.5 mm with location at the center of the coin cell with 100% SOC showed maximum heat generation rate and maximum temperature of the coin cell. In addition, the optimum value of the dimensionless heat generation rate is obtained at dimensionless short-circuit resistance. The study provides comprehensive insights on the thermal behavior of the lithium-ion cell during thermal abuse condition with internal short circuit by penetrating element.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used in various applications, including from small-scale portable electronics to large-scale application in electric vehicles, along with other applications in the field of drones, airplanes, and robots [1]
The goal of the present study is to investigate the thermal abuse behavior of the LIR2450 coin cell with internal short circuit by penetrating element
The results present the effect of various parameters on the thermal behavior of the coin cell with internal short circuit caused by penetrating element
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are extensively used in various applications, including from small-scale portable electronics to large-scale application in electric vehicles, along with other applications in the field of drones, airplanes, and robots [1]. The LIBs are preferred over other chemistries owing to their strong advantages of high-energy density, low self-discharge, fast charging ability, enhanced cycle life, among many other advantages [3]. LIBs are likely to fail in case of over-charging and over-discharging with the possibility of a severe accident in case of overheating or internal-external short circuit [4]. The thermal abuse of LIBs can be caused by penetration, external-short, overheating, or over-charge [5]. In the case of a thermal abuse incident, the available chemical energy in LIBs rapidly converts to heat energy, generating a large amount of heat with the possibility of thermal runaway—fire accompanied by the occasional explosion [6]. Owing to high-energy density and flammable components, LIBs are prone to safety issues. Physical abuse of LIBs could lead to a temperature rise to the levels of 100 to 150 ◦ C, Symmetry 2020, 12, 246; doi:10.3390/sym12020246 www.mdpi.com/journal/symmetry
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