Abstract
In the past decade, the focus of tumor biology research has been switching from the functional dissection of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes to investigation of the cross-talk between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Tumorigenesis requires the organized assembly of cancer cells with non-malignant cells and non-cellular stroma, resembling an abnormal organogenesis. This process can be modulated by local cellular stress responses, such as senescence, ER stress and autophagy, and inflammatory and immunosuppressive cells and effector molecules within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Various cellular stress responses and cell death modalities are triggered in response to chemotherapies, radiotherapies, and targeted therapies (including immunotherapies). The exposure of immunostimulatory factors could (re)awaken anti-tumor immunity. Unexpectedly, the gut microbial flora is becoming recognized as an important external modulator of the TME. We will discuss in detail the TME changes that take place after certain cancer therapies, highlighting the importance of cellular stress responses, tumor-infiltrating immune cells, and microbiota-derived factors.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
