Abstract
It is recognized that the properties of liquid water can be markedly different from those of bulk one when it is in contact with hydrophobic surfaces or is confined in nano-environments. Because our knowledge regarding water structure on the molecular level of dynamic equilibrium within a picosecond time scale is far from completeness all of water’s conventionally known properties are based on inert “bulk liquid water” with a tetrahedral hydrogen-bonded structure. Actually, the strength of water’s hydrogen bonds (HBs) decides its properties and activities. In this review, an innovative idea on preparation of metastable plasmon-activated water (PAW) with intrinsically reduced HBs, by letting deionized (DI) water flow through gold-supported nanoparticles (AuNPs) under resonant illumination at room temperature, is reported. Compared to DI water, the created stable PAW can scavenge free hydroxyl and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals and effectively reduce NO release from lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory cells. Moreover, PAW can dramatically induce a major antioxidative Nrf2 gene in human gingival fibroblasts. This further confirms its cellular antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, innovatively therapeutic strategy of daily drinking PAW on inflammatory-related diseases based on animal disease models is demonstrated, examples being chronic kidney disease (CKD), chronic sleep deprivation (CSD), and lung cancer.
Highlights
Since gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess well-defined localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) bands in the UV–near infrared (IR) regions, they are commonly used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for improved diagnostic imaging [1,2,3] and in photothermal ablation of tumors [4,5,6]
As shown in our previous study [23], we reported an innovative and facile method for preparing small water-clusters (SWCs) with reduced-affinity hydrogen bonds (HBs) by letting bulk DI water flow through supported AuNPs under resonant illumination to give NP-treated (AuNT) water at constant temperature
Utilizing LSPR on illuminated AuNPs, the strong HBs of bulk water can be disordered when water is located at the illuminated Au/water interface
Summary
Since gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) possess well-defined localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) bands in the UV–near infrared (IR) regions, they are commonly used in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) for improved diagnostic imaging [1,2,3] and in photothermal ablation of tumors [4,5,6]. Compared to DI water, the created additive-free PAW shows lower specific heat and boiling point [66], higher vapor pressure and osmosis [23], novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties [23,67], and higher solubility and diffusion to solutes [23,65,67]. Based on these distinct properties, PAW can be served as source of green energy for improving the efficiencies of productions of hydrogen and oxygen via water splitting [65,69,72]. Preparation Methods Adding saturated hydrogen gas in water Adding acidic compound in water Adding sulfur compound in water Electrospraying water vapor Applying magnetic fields on water Resonant illumination on gold-supported nanoparticles (AuNPs) in water
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