Therapeutic Use of Silver Nanoparticles in the Prevention and Arrest of Dental Caries.

Claudia Butrón Téllez Girón,María De Los A Urbano Peña,Idania Dealba‐Montero,Facundo Ruiz,Juan F Hernández Sierra

doi:10.1155/2020/8882930

Claudia Butrón Téllez Girón, María De Los A Urbano Peña + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8882930

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Abstract

Dental caries is one of the major diseases of the oral cavity affecting humans worldwide. Different alternatives have been used for its control, but its incidence and prevalence are still high. On the other hand, silver has been used for centuries due to its antimicrobial properties. With advances in nanotechnology, the use and research in nanomaterials has increased, recently, and silver nanoparticles have become an essential part of the dental practice, giving materials physical and chemical improvements in their properties, used for their antibacterial capacity preventing and arresting dental caries. The objective of this review was to examine the use of silver nanoparticles, in the treatment of dental caries in the remineralization of teeth hard tissues, as well as the antimicrobial potential, cytotoxicity, and long-term effectiveness.

Highlights

Dental caries is a disease caused by a specific biofilm that forms acid [1], which begins with demineralization on the enamel surface showing what is called white spot lesion, this stage is represented by white and opaque colour [2, 3], and the main pathogens responsible for dental caries Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus [3,4,5,6,7]
According to the previous results and with the same procedures, fluorapatite crystals were found on the dentine surface in the Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and nano-silver fluoride (NSF), as well as greater hardness and increased intensity and quality of apatite crystal compounds [49]; on the other hand, the use of optical coherence tomography images showed a greater remineralization effect of NSF compared to sodium fluoride (NaF) in deciduous teeth [50]
It has shown adverse effects, such as causing ulcerations and staining in oral mucosa [64] that are painful due to accidental contact with the solution [20, 65], which may disappear within 48 hours [21, 65] and the black staining of carious tissue [65,66,67] due to the oxidation process of the ionic silver contained in its formulation [4, 68]; as previously demonstrated, the use of a cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles does not cause darkening in demineralized teeth [46,47,48, 51]

Summary

Introduction

Dental caries is a disease caused by a specific biofilm that forms acid [1], which begins with demineralization on the enamel surface showing what is called white spot lesion, this stage is represented by white and opaque colour [2, 3], and the main pathogens responsible for dental caries Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus [3,4,5,6,7]. Silver nanoparticles are considered potent antimicrobial agents and have been proven to be effective in vitro against cariogenic bacteria such as Streptococcus mutans [35], having an antibacterial activity 25 times greater than chlorhexidine, as well as an antiviral and antifungal activity [33, 36], so multiple studies have proposed their use in various preparations, showing good results in the treatment of early dental caries [4, 37, 38] For these reasons, the objective of this report is to present a review of the literature on the possible therapeutic use of silver nanoparticles in dentistry, in the remineralization of teeth hard tissues, their mode of action, and biocompatibility

AgNPs Formulations in Caries Prevention and Arrest

Clinical Evidence

40–80 NA chemical synthesis

Findings

Discussion and Perspectives