Abstract
Importance of the field: Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is found in blood and in all organs. CoQ10 deficiencies are due to autosomal recessive mutations, ageing-related oxidative stress and carcinogenesis processes, and also statin treatment. Many neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, cancer and muscular and cardiovascular diseases have been associated with low CoQ10 levels, as well as different ataxias and encephalomyopathies.Areas covered in this review: We review the efficacy of a variety of commercial formulations which have been developed to solubilise CoQ10 and promote its better absorption in vivo, and its use in the therapy of pathologies associated with low CoQ10 levels, with emphasis in the results of the clinical trials. Also, we review the use of its analogues idebenone and MitoQ®.What the reader will gain: This review covers the most relevant aspects related with the therapeutic use of CoQ10, including existing formulations and their effects on its bioavailability.Take home message: CoQ10 does not cause serious adverse effects in humans and new formulations have been developed that increase CoQ10 absorption. Oral CoQ10 is a viable antioxidant strategy in many diseases, providing a significant to mild symptomatic benefit. Idebenone and MitoQ are promising substitutive CoQ10-related drugs which are well tolerated and safe.
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